Matthew S. Gast - T1 a Survival Guide, Informatyka
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T1
A Survival Guide
Matthew S. Gast
Beijing
•
Cambridge
•
Farnham
•
Köln
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Paris
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Sebastopol
•
Taipei
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Tokyo
Table of Contents
Preface
...................................................................................................................
vii
1. History of the U.S. Telephone Network
..............................................
1
1876–1950: Analog Beginnings .......................................................................
2
1951–1970: The Birth of T-carrier ...................................................................
4
1970–Present: The Modern Telephone Network ............................................
5
2. T1 Architectural Overview
.....................................................................
8
Telecommunications Puzzle Pieces ................................................................
8
3. Basic Digital Transmission on Telephone Networks
................
17
Introduction to DS0 .......................................................................................
18
Alternate Mark Inversion ...............................................................................
18
B8ZS and Clear Channel Capability ..............................................................
21
4. Multiplexing and the T-carrier Hierarchy
.....................................
22
Building the T-carrier Hierarchy with Multiplexing .....................................
22
The Original Superframe ...............................................................................
26
The Extended Superframe (ESF) ...................................................................
27
Telephone Signaling on T1 Links .................................................................
30
5. Timing, Clocking, and Synchronization
in the T-carrier System
..........................................................................
32
A Timing Taxonomy ......................................................................................
32
T1 Circuit Timing ...........................................................................................
35
Slips: When Timing Goes Bad ......................................................................
41
iii
Oracle 8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory, eMatter Edition
Copyright © 2001 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
iv
Table of Contents
6. Mysteries of the CSU/DSU
...................................................................
44
Line Build Out: Moving Between Theory and Practice ...............................
44
T1 CSU/DSUs .................................................................................................
48
CSU/DSU Configuration .................................................................................
51
Summary of Settings ......................................................................................
53
7. Connecting the Umbilicus: Getting T1 Connectivity
................
56
Ordering .........................................................................................................
56
T1 Installation and Termination ....................................................................
57
Pre-Connection Tasks ....................................................................................
60
Trading Packets ..............................................................................................
61
Post-Connection .............................................................................................
62
8. High-Level Data Link Control Protocol (HDLC)
.........................
63
Introduction to HDLC ....................................................................................
64
HDLC Framing ................................................................................................
65
Cisco HDLC ....................................................................................................
70
9. PPP
...............................................................................................................
76
Introduction to PPP ........................................................................................
77
PPP Logical Link States and State Machines .................................................
78
PPP Encapsulation and Framing ...................................................................
83
Link Control Protocol (LCP) ..........................................................................
85
PPP Network Control and the IP Control Protocol ....................................
109
Configuring PPP ...........................................................................................
112
10. Frame Relay
............................................................................................
115
Frame Relay Network Overview .................................................................
116
The Frame Relay Link Layer ........................................................................
118
Multiprotocol Encapsulation with RFC 1490 ..............................................
120
The Local Management Interface ................................................................
122
Configuring Frame Relay .............................................................................
130
11. T1 Troubleshooting
..............................................................................
132
Basic Troubleshooting Tools and Techniques ...........................................
132
Troubleshooting Outline .............................................................................
138
Physical Layer Problems ..............................................................................
139
Link Layer Problems ....................................................................................
145
Oracle 8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory, eMatter Edition
Copyright © 2001 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
v
A. Access Aggregation with cT1 and ISDN PRI
...............................
149
B. Multilink PPP
.........................................................................................
167
C. T1 Performance Monitoring
.............................................................
192
D. SNMP
.........................................................................................................
205
E. Cable Pinouts and Serial Information
.........................................
226
F. Reference
..................................................................................................
236
Glossary
..............................................................................................................
257
Index
....................................................................................................................
265
Oracle 8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory, eMatter Edition
Copyright © 2001 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
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