M. Ruotsila - Churchill and Finland, Communism - Books
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CHURCHILL AND FINLAND
This book examines the intertwined dynamics of Churchill’s anticommunist and
geopolitical thought. It looks at the ways in which he attempted to use Finland
as both tool and ally in the anticommunist projects of the twentieth century.
Finland appeared a staunch ally in Churchill’s recurring efforts to destroy or
negate international communism, but the broader concerns of geopolitics and
Great Power diplomacy complicated what might have been a simple task of
teaming up with like-minded Finns. The resulting tensions are explored and
explained in this study of comparative anticommunism based on Churchill’s
private papers and on additional British, Finnish and American documents.
Markku Ruotsila
is an Adjunct Associate Professor of British and American
History at the University of Tampere, Finland.
CHURCHILL AND
FINLAND
A study in anticommunism and
geopolitics
Markku Ruotsila
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2005
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection
of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
© 2005 Markku Ruotsila
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Ruotsila, Markku.
Churchill and Finland: a study in anticommunism and geopolitics/
Markku Ruotsila.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Great Britain—Foreign relations—Finland. 2. Anti-communist
movements—Great Britain—History—20th century. 3. Russo-
Finnish War, 1939–1940—Foreign public opinion, British.
4. Finland—Foreign relations—Great Britain. 5. Finland—Foreign
relations—Soviet Union. 6. Soviet Union—Foreign relations—
Finland. 7. Churchill, Winston, Sir, 1874–1965. 8. Cold War. I. Title.
DA47.9.F5R86 2005
327.4897041′09′041–dc22
2004010397
ISBN 0-203-31141-8 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-415-34971-0 (Print Edition)
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
v
Abbreviations
vii
Introduction
1
1 Before the Bolsheviks, 1900–1918
7
2 Churchill, Finland and the Russian intervention, 1919–1920
17
3 The travails of anticommunism in the interwar years, 1921–1939
45
4 The anticommunist challenge of the Winter War, 1939–1940
69
5 Churchill as ally of the Soviet Union, enemy of Finland,
1940–1944
101
6 Churchill, Finland and the early Cold War, 1944–1955
141
Conclusion
155
Notes
163
Bibliography
185
Index
197
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